Dialectical materialism/es

Karl Marx

Dialectical materialism is the philosophical basis for communism in its modern form. It is a doctrine based on Karl Marx’s adaptation of the Hegelian dialectic to the study of history.

Kant and Hegel

While studying at the University of Berlin between the years 1836 and 1841, Karl Marx was introduced to Plato’s dialectic as it had been interpreted by Emmanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel. Kant’s so-called “transcendental dialectic” results in the belief that orthodox religion requires faith in a doctrine which human reason cannot justify. Kant maintained that Jesus originally taught a rational morality, a theology adapted to the reason of all men.

Kant’s antipathy to what he considered speculative metaphysics and the “hypothetical imperatives” of Christian faith was initially accepted by Hegel, who wrote an interpretation of the Gospel according the Kantian ethics. Two or three years later, however, after careful study of Greek philosophy as well as an investigation of modern politics and economics, Hegel rejected Kant. His perspective on Christian origins became that of an historian inspired by the doctrine of the Holy Spirit.

To Hegel, the Spirit of man, his reason, cannot be subject to the limitations which Kant imposed upon it. He believed that Jesus taught the understanding and the fulfillment of the law not by Kantian rationalism, the justification of the law by the human mind, but by the love of God—as Paul said, “Love is the fulfilling of the law.” Kant believed that when reason attempted to go beyond the finite appearance world, it became lost in insoluble contradictions; whereas Hegel found in love a union of opposites, human and divine, and the transcendence of their seeming contradiction.

Georg Hegel, portrait by Jakob Schlesinger (1831)

Hegel’s theory of dialectic

Hegel believed that what makes the universe intelligible is the understanding of it as an eternal cycle wherein Spirit comes to know itself as Spirit. This Spirit knowing of itself as Spirit comes through logic, though nature, and through mind-Spirit or Geist. He saw logic as positive pure Spirit. He saw nature as the negative creation of Spirit which bears the mark of its creator, in other words, Matter. He saw Spirit coming to know Spirit through Alpha, through Omega, through the masculine and feminine polarity of the universe; and then through Geist, through self-consciousness, self-expression in history, self-discovery in art, religion and philosophy. That Geist, then, becomes the individual Christ Self positioned in the midst of the Spirit-Matter being which you are, here and now.

Hegel believed that thinking always proceeded according to the dialectic pattern. An initial positive thesis is immediately negated by its antithesis. Further thought produces a synthesis, which again produces an antithesis. The process continues, but not indefinitely, for it is circular. The culmination is the absolute, the return of thought to Source or to Spirit.

Hegel explains that the cause of this cyclic process is the power of the negative inherent within the positive thought itself. This is what the ascended masters’ teachings say—Alpha contains Omega, Spirit contains Matter, and they are one. The thesis is God the Father, the first polarity of being. The antithesis is God the Mother, which is contained in the thesis. The synthesis of the two is the Christ consciousness, which is a point of the individualization of the God flame that transcends the prior thesis and antithesis.

The Christ Child, the Manchild, fusing the light of Alpha and Omega in each incarnation transcends its predecessor—it transcends that mind of God out of which it was created. Therefore you have an expanding cosmos, you have a self-transcending cosmos, you have a God who is continually transcending itself through this very act of creation. This is the real cycle of which the Marx’s dialectic is a perversion.

Hegel’s application of his theory

Hegel’s system was based upon scientific, historical, theological and philosophical investigation. His historical and political works elaborate an otherwise abstract dialectic theory. In his Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Hegel describes a social and political order which satisfies the demands both of universal and of individual conscience—freedom without license. According to Hegel such a state rests on the family and on the guild, the cooperation of those who are in a particular trade. Through cooperation with others the individual finds satisfaction of his needs and recognizes the state not as an alien oppressor but as the guardian of peace and order. Such a state, unlike any existing in Hegel’s day, was a limited monarchy with parliamentary government and trial by jury.

Hegel’s philosophy of history reveals his conviction of history as the course of mankind’s advance towards self-knowledge. He saw that the goal of civilization was that the individual through his Geist (what we would call his Christ consciousness) should come to know himself as God. According to Hegel, history is the fulfillment of God’s purpose: freedom. Geist is free in essence. The Spirit has free will. The task, then, of we who live upon earth is to build institutions in which man can express that freedom.

Marx’s reinterpretation of Hegel

Karl Marx is known as a neo-Hegelian. At the University of Berlin, where Hegel held the chair of philosophy, Marx was drawn into speculative quarrels over the meaning of the complex Hegelian dialectic. You might say that Hegel, limited though he might have been as an individual, however lacking in attainment, was used to set forth once again the basic premise of a true logic of the Christ mind.

Now comes Marx disputing with it, arguing about it. Marx accepted Hegel’s theory of dialectic evolution with one fundamental variance. Marx denied the existence of Spirit as the initial thesis, as the essence of the antithesis, and as the unifying factor of the synthesis. Although Marx was fascinated by the Hegelian dialectic, he was determined to put it back on its “feet.” Marx translated Hegel's idealistic thesis of pure Spirit into a rationalistic thesis which he called the “productive man,” homo faber.

Ludwig Feuerbach (1866)

Ludwig Feuerbach

Marx was greatly influenced by Ludwig Feuerbach, who saw in Hegel’s philosophy something extremely revolutionary. Feuerbach accomplished a break with religion, a transition from idealism to materialism. To Feuerbach, man is the secret of religion. Whereas traditional doctrine maintains that God created man in his own image, “Feuerbach maintains the reverse:... man has created God in his own image.”

August Thalheimer describes Feuerbach’s views in these terms: “There is no super-sensual knowledge, as religion and philosophy maintain.... Knowledge of the world is possible only on the basis of sense experience.” Therefore proof of anything must be existential, experimental—it must come from the five senses. This is the utter denial of the faculty of the Christ consciousness and the senses of the soul which the sons and daughters of God have. And yet this empirical method is imposed upon us today, especially in our universities and colleges. We are taught that this is the only way to think, the only way to draw conclusions in science or religion or any field.

In The Essence of Christianity, Feuerbach maintained that although Hegel had discovered that man was God in a dialectic state of becoming, he had not taken the logical next step in concluding that God is man: homo homini deus est (“man is God to man”), i.e., that man imposes the idea of God upon whatever is most sublime in mankind. Feuerbach believed that Christianity alienated man by depriving him of his political energy. He saw man as a political animal who creates his God, his figures who are the world leaders, and he worships them. And in fact if man created God, then obviously man must be God.

Marx’s thesis and antithesis

With productive man as his rationalistic thesis, Marx evolved a rationalistic antithesis. By denying the inherent Spirit which Hegel found within nature, Marx made human nature the antithesis of the productive man. Human nature created by the rational will is obedient only to so-called rational laws (in contrast to the seemingly irrational law of love).

Marx perceived the interaction of his thesis and antithesis as illimitable class struggle. His synthesis is not Hegelian transcendence. He doesn’t see Spirit transcending itself, becoming more and more of God. He sees synthesis as death and destruction. And that is where the fallen ones have determined to take the cycles of the Trinity: to pervert its cycles and to create not eternal life, not the ascension, but death.

Marx proposed that social progress is achieved only through conflict between old and new systems and that class struggle is the great motive power of history. The negative force which Hegel saw as inherent within the positive force and the cause of its cyclic progress, Marx identified in the social system as germs of its own destruction—reforms which ideally operate as a foreign body within an existing system to accelerate death. Progress is impaired by limited reform which prematurely reduces tension.

To Marx, violence is the price to be paid for progress. In other words, evils in society are not to be put out and destroyed. They are considered the antithesis of the thesis, a very necessary part of the process. So he proposed that we should allow the evil to grow so large as to destroy the entire society. In other words, we need the conditions of decay, corruption, destruction, violence and terror in order to evolve a better society.

Marx’s theory of dialectical materialism has inspired generations of revolutionaries since his time, resulting in the loss of tens of millions of lives.

Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Russian Revolution, addressing Red Army troops in Sverdlov Square, Moscow, May 5, 1920.

Class struggle

Marx distinguished five economic forms or modes of production: primitive communal, slave, feudal, capitalistic, and socialistic.

Under the first, the means of production are socially owned. Under the second, the slave owner owns them. Under the third, the feudal lord partially owns them while his men have some property. Under the fourth, the capitalist owns the means of production, but not his men. He can no longer dispose of his workers as he pleases, though they are compelled to work for him. Under the fifth, which has not yet come into existence, the workers themselves will own the means of production, and with the abolition of the contradictions inherent in capitalism, production will reach its fullest development. From the point of view of both production and freedom, each of these stages represents an advance upon its predecessor, in accordance with the dialectic principle that every new stage takes up whatever was of value in that which it has negated.

Marx saw the separate stages of social progress each represented by a social class: feudalism by the nobility; capitalism by entrepreneurs, which he called the “bourgeoisie”; socialism by the workers, the proletariat. Marx maintained that the victory of the new class cannot be limited by a democracy which substitutes ballots for bullets and requires respect for inalienable rights.

In the class struggle which Marx witnessed following the Industrial Revolution, he professed extreme sympathy for the injured and the insulted laboring masses. This sympathy for the downtrodden characterizes this entire philosophy. It originates in the sympathy of the Devil for himself: “Feel sorry for me. I have gotten kicked out of heaven. God has denied me his light, his bread, his energy, his consciousness; now give me what God has failed to give me.”

That does not mean that the sons and daughters of God do not have utter compassion for those who are without, those who are the poor in Spirit. But feeling sorry for those who do not earn by the path of initiation that which is their right to earn is the emotion that enters into and engenders the fervor of world communism—sympathy for the fallen ones.

Marx proposed that violent repression of the capitalists by the worker would ultimately result in the dictatorship of the proletariat, the working class. This Marxist synthesis is an inanimate economic system in which technology is used to obtain increasing control of nature. The Hegelian synthesis, Geist, is replaced in Marx’s system by mere mind, mechanized mind. Mechanization man is the goal of dialectical materialism. Marx’s synthesis according to dialectic law should return man to thesis, i.e. the so-called productive man. En route he produces not transcendence but death and destruction.

Reminiscent of Feuerbachian ethics, Marx’s economic determinism or the economic interpretation of history supposes that religion, patriotism and all other so-called idealistic feelings are the product of economic conditions and their effect upon the human mind—i.e. Spirit is the creation of Matter. Marx felt that history was on his side, that history was predetermined, and this predestination without God was reduced to simply the interplay of these forces in society without a ruling mind—either a mind of God or the mind of the people.

Predestination

The Great White Brotherhood teaches us that there is no predestination, because God has set free will. This means there is no predestination of golden ages, dark ages or the pattern of history. We are not robots, mechanical beings following a mechanical economic determinism. We are God-free beings with a flame in the heart intended to be free to apply the laws of a cosmos, all of which are supportive of individual freedom.

In the absolute sense, God never brings man to a state of slavery in order to bring him to future freedom. But in the relative sense, man brings himself there by his own self-imposed laws of limitation. And just because man has brought himself to the state of slavery, this does not allow us to conclude that by dialectical materialism he will evolve out of slavery through economic determinism. It is impossible. Man evolves out of slavery through Christ, through that liberation of the soul that is a burst of consciousness, which is the elevation of that Christ in the temple of being; that is, through confessing that he is come in the flesh in this temple.

We can obviously see that history has followed these steps. But this has not happened according to the interpretation of Marx. This evolution has been the result of karma—the karma of ignorance of the law of the individual Christ. It was not necessary to go through these stages. These were not dependent on one another. They did not come out of this dialectic. They came out of the fact that, one by one, step-by-step, the individual was evolving a Christ consciousness, and therefore he gained a greater and greater enlightenment of the law of economics set forth by Jesus Christ and the flow of the abundant life. And we have come to the greatest principle of that abundant life in the guru-chela relationship in the free-enterprise system. That is the evolution of the Christ consciousness by the cycles of Alpha and Omega, as thesis and antithesis and synthesis of the Christ within us.

Marx uses his theory as the justification that socialism is the next phase of economic determinism. It is not. Socialism is and ever has been the fallen state of man and woman. And with this logic, the fallen ones are trying to take from us the foundation of the Golden Age economy and to return us to the most primitive form of life on earth. Socialism was never born in the 1850s. It has been around as the subtle lie within the being of the individual for millennia.

The problem of materialism

Marx’s economic interpretation of history, which he called “historical materialism,” is founded upon his interpretation of dialectic, which he therefore called dialectic materialism. He was convinced that social and historical processes followed the law of dialectical materialism, which he said was no less universal than the laws of physics and chemistry.

Guided by this law, mankind, he said, would achieve a utopian society. Marx himself knew that a utopian society was unattainable, but he used the concept to perpetuate endless class struggle and the socialist revolution wrecking societies and destroying bodies, souls and minds through murder, war and terrorism.

In fact, what Marx said and his belief behind what he said are two different streams of consciousness. We see dialectical materialism as a set and rationale and logic which ultimately, fundamentally even Marx himself does not believe. He sets it forth to be that which will advance the highest human good. That is the lie. That is the bait for the children of God. He knows in the very core of his being that the end thereof is the way of death.

Those who have been behind the manifestation of dialectical materialism have known exactly the end from the beginning: the destruction and the death of the souls of sons and daughters of God. Some know it consciously, some know it subconsciously. Some are tools, some are the originators of the lie.

Millions and millions of communists today, many of whom are children of the light, believe the inevitability of the logical conclusions of what is mere theory. It has never even been proven that it is true or that it works. It is a complete lie and perversion of the cycles of the Trinity.

The perspective of the Brotherhood

Dialectical materialism is in itself not valid according to the teachings of the Brotherhood, because it bases the cause-effect sequences in society upon the phases of the human consciousness, the reaction of new phases to the old, and then a mixing together of the two producing a new product that is still the human consciousness. In fact, it is a diabolical materialism because it neglects the definition of Matter as Mother, and the alchemy of the Mother in civilization as the Mater-realization of the God flame by sons and daughters of the Most High.

When you realize the fullness of the Mother flame, you have all of the accoutrements of civilization, of Matter, the crystallization of the God flame. Materialism without the Mother is anti-Mother, anti-Matter.

Dialectic materialism looks at life as a human evolution, instead of seeing that there are inner causes behind outer manifestations. There is the law of First Cause (your own great causal body, your own I AM THAT I AM), which sets in motion the Word, the individual Christ Self that must become flesh in the sons and daughters of God through the great synthesis of the Mother flame. There is also the law of secondary causes sent in motion by the free will of man. The secondary causes are the free-will expressions of the soul once it has descended.

The First Cause, which is God’s karma (the cause of the ray in manifestation) is the descent of the soul with free will. Under that First Cause, obedient to that will, imbued with that wisdom, filled with that Holy-Spirit love, we can manifest God-mastery. Disobedient to it, entering the ignore-ance of the Law and the anti-love synthesis, we set up secondary causes.

Secondary causes are temporarily real. They are real because we sustain them by free will, but they are unreal in the absolute sense and therefore we do not give them power, wisdom or love. We do not feed them energy. We cut them from the vine of life and we put them into the fiery furnace where the tares belong.

What is true of the individual is true of civilization. There is First Cause: golden-age civilizations, golden-age God-government and economy. There are secondary cause-effect sequences: the karma of society and civilization that is not founded upon the Rock of Christ.

The law of karma that we have set in motion has no inevitable conclusion, but only the perpetual process of resolution by the law of love and its transmutative sacred fire. The agents of this transmutation are always the Word made flesh and the fiery baptism of the Holy Ghost. This process continues until the Absolute is attained, that is, until the soul’s liberation from all cause-effect sequences—dialectic, didactic or materialistic—through integration with the Law of the One or the I AM THAT I AM.

Saint Germain’s commentary on Marxist philosophy

Saint Germain explica los errores fundamentales de la filosofía de Marx:

Algunos de vosotros conocéis que el estudio de la relación de los opuestos en los planos de la relatividad está reflejado en la dialéctica del filósofo alemán del siglo XIX Georg Hegel, quien teorizó que el proceso mental del hombre y todos los cambios históricos son el resultado de la interacción entre tres elementos: la tesis, la antítesis y la síntesis. Según este observador de la fuerzas de la vida, toda tesis genera su opuesto o antítesis y la interacción entre los ambas produce una síntesis que las trasciende. La síntesis que emerge se convierte a su vez en una nueva tesis; y todo el proceso se repite una y otra vez.

Así, en la dialéctica hegeliana todo el progreso se produce debido al inevitable conflicto entre fuerzas opuestas, un principio que Karl Marx revirtió en su «materialismo dialéctico», donde sustituyó el idealismo de Hegel con el materialismo económico. Mientras que Hegel apoyó el valor del estado y vio en el proceso dialéctico el desarrollo del principio espiritual, Marx etiquetó al estado como un mecanismo de explotación y afirmó que todo progreso surge de los conflictos inherentes al medio económico de producción.

Vosotros que comprendéis que la premisa de las enseñanzas de los Maestros Ascendidos es la Ley del Uno, no siempre tenéis presente esta ley de la relatividad que gobierna el bien y mal relativos, percibida por psicólogos, científicos y filósofos del mundo. Además, en el mundo de maya, donde el bien y el mal siempre se encuentran «relativamente» en oposición, también debemos contar con la indebida cualificación negativa del Poder, la Sabiduría y el Amor, Absolutos sobre los que hemos conversado. Por tanto, quisiéramos tratar de la ecuación tanto humana como divina.

La Ley del Uno, basada en la unidad del Ser, también funciona dentro del marco de la razón humana y los acontecimientos humanos; y cuando la Ley del Uno se completa en la experiencia del individuo, apoya la Verdad y revela el error.

Pero en la percepción humana dual del mundo adquirida después de salir del autoconocimiento edénico en el Uno y como el Uno —cuando la perspectiva del hombre y la mujer ya no era única en el inmaculado Ojo Omnividente de Dios, sino la misma que tenía el grupo de seductores ángeles caídos llamados serpientes—, todas las ecuaciones humanas tenían inalterablemente dos lados, con el balanceo pendular caliente/frío, izquierda/derecha, siempre a punto de ocurrir.

No es así en la ecuación divina. Ahí, la verdadera Polaridad Divina de Alfa y Omega, el más/menos de la Divinidad, y de cada miembro de la Trinidad es la verdadera equivalencia Masculina/Femenina del Ser. Estos equivalentes son complementarios, no opuestos, cumpliendo siempre la Ley del Uno como la Totalidad Divina. Pero en la condición humana, igual que existe un polo positivo, también hay uno negativo en cada situación dada. Estas son fuerzas opuestas, rivales por naturaleza y mutuamente destructivas. Por ejemplo, si la tesis es el amor humano, su antítesis será alguna forma de la polaridad opuesta al amor: el odio humano, el temor, la sospecha o incluso el disgusto leve. Su síntesis será una versión descafeinada de ambas cosas sin un compromiso hacia ninguna de ellas.

Esto es el estado templado de la mediocridad que Jesús desdeñó cuando dijo: «Pero por cuanto eres tibio, y no frío ni caliente, te vomitaré de mi boca». Precisamente por eso la evolución económica de la humanidad según Marx y Lenin no puede conducir jamás a la conclusión divina: la autotrascendencia según la ley del amor, la Ley del Uno, que autocontiene la verdadera Trinidad —poder, sabiduría y amor— como la tríada del ser de todo hombre y mujer.

Véase también

Socialismo

Comunismo

Karl Marx|Karl Marx

Para más información

Lectures by Elizabeth Clare Prophet, “The Philosophy of Antichrist,” October 8, 1978; “The Psychology of Socialism: The Religion of Hatred, the Cult of Death,” October 9, 1978; and “The Psychology of Socialism: The Death Instinct” October 9, 1978. Available on DVD and audio album The Seduction of Socialism and the Responsibility of Freedom and in audio from Ascended Master Library.

Notas

Elizabeth Clare Prophet, “The Philosophy of Antichrist,” October 8, 1978.

Mark L. Prophet and Elizabeth Clare Prophet, The Path of Brotherhood, pp. 101–03.