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[Pali “out-of-alignment”] Variously translated as suffering, pain, sorrow, discontent, imperfection, sin, evil. In Buddhist doctrine, ''dukkha'' is one of the three characteristics of existence—along with ''anicca'', impermanence, or transience, and ''anatta'', non-separateness (having no separate soul or ego; no exclusive possession of the immortal spirit).  
[Pali “out-of-alignment”] Variously translated as suffering, pain, sorrow, discontent, imperfection, sin, [[evil]]. In Buddhist doctrine, ''dukkha'' is one of the three characteristics of existence—along with ''anicca'', impermanence, or transience, and ''anatta'', non-separateness (having no separate soul or ego; no exclusive possession of the immortal spirit).  


The [[Four Noble Truths]], which [[Gautama Buddha]] taught his disciples, state that 1) life is ''dukkha'', 2) the cause of ''dukkha''  is desire, 3) freedom from ''dukkha''  is in the attainment of [[Nirvana]], 4) the way to this liberation is through the [[Eightfold Path]]: Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration (or Right Absorption).  
The [[Four Noble Truths]], which [[Gautama Buddha]] taught his disciples, state that 1) life is ''dukkha'', 2) the cause of ''dukkha''  is desire, 3) freedom from ''dukkha''  is in the attainment of [[Nirvana]], 4) the way to this liberation is through the [[Eightfold Path]]: Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration (or Right Absorption).