Гаутама Будда
Gautama Buddha, the “Compassionate One,” holds the office of Lord of the World (referred to as “God of the Earth” in Revelation 11:4), hierarch of the etheric retreat at Shamballa (over the Gobi desert), where he sustains the threefold flame of life for the evolutions of Earth. Gautama (who was embodied as Siddhartha Gautama c. 563 B.C.), is the great teacher of enlightenment through the soul’s mastery of the Ten Perfections, the Four Noble Truths, and the Eightfold Path, and sponsor of Summit University and of the mission of the Mother of the Flame to carry the torch of illumination for the age.
Gautama came in an hour when Hinduism was at its worst state of decadence. The priesthood was involved in favoritism and guarding the great secrets, the real mysteries of God, from the people, thus keeping the masses in ignorance. The caste system had become a means of imprisonment of the soul instead of a means of liberation through dharma. Born as Prince Siddhartha, he left palace, power, wife and son to gain that enlightenment whereby he could give back to the people that which the interlopers had taken from them.
Early life
Gautama Buddha, was born Siddhartha Gautama in northern India. He was the son of King Suddhodana and Queen Mahamaya, rulers of the Sakya kingdom, and thus a member of the Kshatriya (warrior or ruling) caste.
Ancient Pali texts and Buddhist scriptures record that before his birth, his mother, Mahamaya, dreamt that a beautiful silver-white elephant entered her womb through her side. Brahmins, called to interpret the dream, foretold the birth of a son who would become either a universal monarch or a buddha.
During the last days of her pregnancy, the queen began a journey to Devadaha to visit her parents, as was the custom in India. On the way she stopped with her attendants at Lumbini Park and reached for a flowering branch of a sal tree. There, under the blossoming tree, the Buddha was born on the full-moon day of the month of May.
На пятый день после его рождения во дворец были приглашены 108 браминов для проведения церемонии выбора имени. Царь призвал восьмерых наиболее ученых из них предсказать судьбу ребенка, истолковав его телесные отметины и физические характеристики.
Семеро сошлись во мнении, что если он останется во дворце, то станет великим царем и объединит Индию; но если он покинет дворец, то станет Буддой и спасет мир, сняв завесу невежества с его глаз. Конданна, восьмой и самый младший из группы, заявил, что мальчик определенно станет Буддой, когда, увидев четыре знака – старика, больного, мертвеца и святого, отречется от мира.
Ребенка назвали Сиддхартха, что означает «Тот, кто достигает целей». На седьмой день после рождения младенца его мать умерла, и Сиддхартху воспитывала ее сестра Махапраджапати, позднее ставшая одной из его первых женщин учениц.
Царь, обеспокоенный предсказания брахманов и возможной потерей наследника, сделал все, чтобы уберечь своего сына от боли и страдания, окружил его максимальной роскошью, включая три дворца и сорок тысяч танцовщиц.
In the Anguttara Nikāya (a canonical text), Gautama describes his upbringing in his own words:
I was tenderly cared for,... supremely so, infinitely so. At my father’s palace, lotus pools were built for me, in one place for blue lotus flowers, in one place for white lotus flowers, and in one place for red lotus flowers, blossoming for my sake.... Day and night a white umbrella was held over me, so that I might not be troubled by cold, heat, dust, chaff, or dew. I dwelt in three palaces,... in one, during the cold; in one, in the summer; and in one, during the rainy season. While in the palace of the rainy season, surrounded by musicians, singers, and female dancers, for four months I did not descend from the palace....[1]
At sixteen, after proving his skill in a contest of arms, Prince Siddhartha married his beautiful cousin Yasodhara. He soon grew pensive and preoccupied, but the turning point of his life did not occur until the age of twenty-nine, when he set out on four journeys which presented in turn the four passing sights.
Во время первой прогулки Сиддхартха встретил старого человека, седого и немощного, опирающегося на посох. Во время второй он увидел несчастного, измученного тяжелой болезнью и лежащего на дороге. На третьей прогулке принц столкнулся с похоронной процессией и впервые увидел мертвого человека. Наконец, во время четвертой прогулки он встретил аскета – монаха, одетого в желтые одежды, с обритой головой и с кружкой для подаяния. Глубоко тронутый увиденным в первых трех сценах, Сиддхартха осознал, что в жизни присутствуют болезнь, старость и смерть. Четвертая картина показала ему возможность преодоления этих состояний и побудила оставить родной ему мир, чтобы найти способ преодолеть страдания.
Asceticism
Возвращаясь обратно, он получил известие о рождении сына, которого назвал Рахула, или «препятствие». В ту ночь он приказал возничему седлать свою любимую лошадь, Кантхаку. Перед отъездом из города он зашел в опочивальню, чтобы на прощанье взглянуть на спящих жену и сына. Принц скакал всю ночь, а на рассвете облачился в одеяние аскета и, отдав свою одежду и лошадь своему возничему, отослал его во дворец отца.
Так Гаутама начал жизнь странствующего монаха. Он тотчас отправился к самым сведущим мудрецам того времени, чтобы учиться у них истине, и быстро овладевал всем, чему они учили. Не находя себе места и не будучи удовлетворенным, он решил найти неизменную истину, неподвластную иллюзиям мира.
Путешествуя по стране Магадха, Гаутама выделялся своей привлекательной внешностью и благородной осанкой. Он прибыл в деревню, называемую Сенанигама, возле Урувелы, где к нему присоединилась группа из пяти аскетов, среди которых был Конданна – брамин, предсказавший, что он станет Буддой.
Here, for almost six years, Gautama practiced severe austerities, which are recorded in his own words in the Majjhima Nikāya:
Because of so little nourishment, all my limbs became like some withered creepers with knotted joints;... the pupils of my eyes appeared sunk deep in their sockets as water appears shining at the bottom of a deep well;... the skin of my belly came to be cleaving to my back-bone....[2]
As a consequence of these severe bodily mortifications, Gautama became so weak that he once fainted and was believed to be dead. Some accounts describe how he was found collapsed by a shepherd boy who restored him with drops of warm milk. Others say it was the devas, or gods, who revived him. Realizing the futility of asceticism, Gautama abandoned his austerities to seek his own path of enlightenment—whereupon his five companions rejected and deserted him.
The Bo tree
One day Sujata, a villager’s daughter, fed him a rich rice milk—a “meal so wondrous ... that our Lord felt strength and life return as though the nights of watching and the days of fast had passed in dream.”[3] And then he set out alone for the Bo tree (abbreviation for bodhi, or enlightenment) at a place now called Buddh Gaya, or Bodh Gaya, where he vowed to remain until fully illumined. Hence, it has become known as the Immovable Spot.
Тогда Мара, дьявол, попытался помешать ему достичь просветления, искушая его примерно таким же образом, каким Сатана испытывал Иисуса во время его поста в пустыне.
The Dhammapada records the words of Mara, as she assailed Gautama: “Lean, suffering, ill-favored man, Live! Death is your neighbor. Death has a thousand hands, you have only two. Live! Live and do good, live holy, and taste reward. Why do you struggle? Hard is struggle, hard to struggle all the time.”
Гаутама сидел неподвижно под деревом Бо, в то время как Мара атаковал его: сначала в форме желания, когда перед ним шествовали сладострастные богини и танцующие девушки; затем в обличье смерти, когда на него обрушились ураганы, проливные дожди, горящие камни, кипящая грязь, разъяренные солдаты, звери и армии демонов. Однако Гаутама по-прежнему оставался невозмутим.
В качестве последнего средства искуситель бросил вызов его праву делать то, что он делал. Тогда Сиддхартха коснулся рукой земли,[4] и земля прогремела в ответ: «Я его свидетельница»! Все сонмы Господа и элементальные существа откликнулись и подтвердили его право искать просветления Будды, после чего Мара бежал.
Having defeated Mara, Gautama spent the rest of the night in deep meditation under the tree, recalling his former embodiments, attaining the “superhuman divine eye” (the ability to see the passing away and rebirth of beings), and realizing the Four Noble Truths. In his own recorded words: “Ignorance was dispelled, knowledge arose. Darkness was dispelled, light arose.”[5]
Таким образом он достиг просветления, или пробуждения, в ночь майского полнолуния, приблизительно в 528 году до н. э. Его существо преобразилось, и он стал Буддой.
The event was of cosmic import. All created things filled the morning air with their rejoicings and the earth quaked six ways with wonder. Ten thousand galaxies shuddered in awe as lotuses bloomed on every tree, turning the entire universe into “a bouquet of flowers sent whirling through the air.”[6]
В течение полных сорока девяти дней он пребывал в глубоком экстазе, после чего снова обратился к миру. Мара ожидал его с последним искушением: «Как ты выразишь свое переживание словами? Возвращайся в нирвану. Не пытайся передать послание миру, ибо некому постичь его. Останься в блаженстве». Но Будда возразил: «Найдутся некоторые, кто поймет». И Мара ушел из его жизни навсегда.
Teaching
Contemplating whom he should first teach, he decided to return to the five ascetics who had left him. He began a journey of over one hundred miles to Benares and delivered to his old companions his first sermon, known as the Dhammacakkappavattana-sutta, or “Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth.”
At the end of the sermon, in which he revealed the key discovery of his quest—the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and the Middle Way—he accepted the five monks as the first members of his order. Kondañña was the first to grasp the teaching.
В течение сорока пяти лет он странствовал по пыльным дорогам Индии, проповедуя Дхарму (универсальное учение), что привело к основанию буддизма. Он основал Сангху (общину), которая вскоре насчитывала более тысячи двухсот последователей, включая всю его семью — отца, тетю, жену и сына. Когда люди спрашивали его, кто он, Гаутама отвечал: «Я – пробужденный». Следовательно, Будда означает «Просветленный», или «Пробудившийся».
Passing
At the age of eighty, Gautama became seriously ill and almost died, but revived himself, thinking it was not right to die without preparing his disciples. By sheer determination, he recovered and instructed Ananda, his cousin and close disciple, that the order should live by making themselves an island—by becoming their own refuge and making the Dhamma their island, their refuge forever.
After announcing that he would die in three months, he traveled through several villages and then stayed with Cunda, the goldsmith, one of his devoted followers. According to generally accepted tradition, Cunda invited Gautama to partake of sukara-maddava—a dish he had prepared unknowingly with poisoned mushrooms. After the meal, Gautama became violently ill, but bore his pain without complaint.
His only concern was to console Cunda, who might feel responsible for his death. And thus, he compassionately asked Ananda to tell Cunda that of all the meals he had eaten, only two stood out as special blessings—one was the meal served by Sujata before his enlightenment, and the other was the food from Cunda which opened the gates to his transition.
Он совершил переход во время майского полнолуния около 483 года до н. э., дав наставление своему старшему ученику Ананде о том, что Дхарма – Истина – должна стать его учителем, и напомнив монахам о бренности человеческого существования.
Legacy
Following the passing of Gautama, Buddhism began to develop in two major directions, leading to the establishment of the Hinayana (“little vehicle”) and the Mahayana (“great vehicle”) schools of Buddhism, from which many further subgroups evolved.
Adherents of the Hinayana school believe their teachings represent the original Buddhist doctrine taught by Gautama, and therefore refer to their path as the Theravada, or “Way of the Elders.”
The traditional Theravadin outlook centers around the monastic way of life and emphasizes the necessity for self-sacrifice and individual enlightenment in order to help others. Their goal is to become an arhat—perfected disciple—and enter Nirvana.
The Mahayanists, who believe that the Theravadins’ strict observance of precepts departs from the true spirit of the Buddha, concentrate more on emulating the Buddha’s life, stressing good works and compassion toward others in the process of gaining enlightenment. The Theravadins, however, claim that the Mahayanists have polluted the pure stream of Gautama’s teaching by incorporating more liberal doctrines and interpretations.
The Mahayanists consider their school to be the “greater vehicle,” as it provides more for the layman. Their ideal is to become a bodhisattva—one who attains Nirvana but voluntarily returns to the world to assist others in obtaining the same goal.
Gautama’s work today
Gautama Buddha was the first initiate to serve under Sanat Kumara, hence the one chosen to succeed him in the office of Lord of the World. On January 1, 1956, Sanat Kumara placed his mantle on Lord Gautama, whereupon the Chela par excellence of the Great Guru also became the hierarch of Shamballa.
Сегодня Гаутама Будда занимает должность Господа Мира (именуемую в «Откровении» – «Бог Земли»). Он поддерживает на внутренних уровнях трехлепестковое пламя жизни, божественную искру для всех детей Божьих на Земле.
Speaking of the great service Lord Gautama renders to all life in his office as Lord of the World, Maitreya said on January 1, 1986:
The Lord of the World does sustain the threefold flame in the evolutions of earth by a filigree light extending from his heart. This, then, is the bypassing of the individual’s karma whereby there is so much blackness around the heart that the spiritual arteries or the crystal cord have been cut off.
The comparison of this is seen when the arteries in the physical body become so clogged with debris that the area of the flow of blood becomes greatly diminished until it becomes a point of insufficiency and the heart can no longer sustain life. This is comparable to what has happened on the astral plane.
So Sanat Kumara came to earth to keep the flame of life. And so does Gautama Buddha keep this threefold flame at Shamballa, and he is a part of every living heart. Therefore, as the disciple approaches the Path, he understands that its goal is to come to the place where the threefold flame is developed enough here below within his own heart that indeed, with or without the filigree thread from the heart of Gautama Buddha, he is able to sustain life and soul and consciousness and the initiatic path.
Beloved ones, this step in itself is an accomplishment that few upon this planet have attained to. You have no idea how you would feel or be or behave if Gautama Buddha withdrew from you that support of the filigree thread and the momentum of his own heartbeat and threefold flame. Most people, especially the youth, do not take into consideration what is the source of the life that they experience in exuberance and joy.
Of this gift, Gautama himself said on December 31, 1983:
I am very observant. I observe you by the contact of my flame through the thread-contact I maintain to the threefold flame of your heart—sustaining it as I do until you pass from the seat-of-the-soul chakra to the very heart of hearts [the secret chamber of the heart], and you yourself are able by attainment to sustain that flame and its burning in this octave.
Did anyone here ever recall himself igniting his own threefold flame at birth? Has anyone here ever remembered tending its fire or keeping it burning? Beloved hearts, recognize that acts of love and valor and honor and selflessness surely contribute to this flame. But a higher power and a higher Source does keep that flame until you, yourself, are one with that higher power—your own Christ Self.
Therefore, all receive the boost of my heart flame and impetus. And as that light passes through me from the Godhead, I therefore perceive many things about you and your everyday life that you might think beyond mention or notice of a Lord of the World, who must be, indeed, very busy.
Well, indeed, I am! But I am never too busy to notice the elements of the Path presented by parents and in families and communities and in the schoolrooms of life everywhere. For I make it my business to see to it that some element of the path of initiation, moving toward the heart of Jesus and Maitreya, is a part of the life of every growing child.
Retreats
► Main article: Shamballa
► Main article: Western Shamballa
Gautama Buddha is the sponsor of Summit University and the hierarch of Shamballa, the etheric retreat of the Lord of the World located over the Gobi Desert.
In 1981, Gautama established an extension of this retreat, called the Western Shamballa, in the etheric octave over the Heart of the Inner Retreat at the Royal Teton Ranch.
Gautama Buddha’s keynote is “Moonlight and Roses.” The “Ode to Joy” from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony also gives us direct attunement with the Lord of the World.
See also
Sources
Pearls of Wisdom, vol. 26, no. 4, January 23, 1983.
Pearls of Wisdom, vol. 32, no. 30, July 23, 1989.
Mark L. Prophet and Elizabeth Clare Prophet, The Masters and Their Retreats, s.v. “Gautama Buddha.”
Elizabeth Clare Prophet, Inner Perspectives.
- ↑ Helena Roerich, Foundations of Buddhism (New York: Agni Yoga Society, 1971), p. 7.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “Buddha.”
- ↑ Edwin Arnold, The Light of Asia (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1930), p. 96.
- ↑ мудра «касания земли» – левая рука лежит на колене ладонью вверх, а пальцы правой обращены вниз, касаясь земли
- ↑ Edward J. Thomas, The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927), pp. 66-68, quoted in Clarence H. Hamilton, ed., Buddhism: A Religion of Infinite Compassion (New York: The Liberal Arts Press, 1952), pp. 22–23.
- ↑ Huston Smith, The Religions of Man (New York: Harper & Row, Harper Colophon Books, 1958), p. 84.